Exercising with Kidney Disease
Exercise is a key part of staying healthy, but for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), staying active can offer even more critical benefits.
Engaging in regular physical activity can help control blood pressure, improve cardiovascular health, and maintain a healthy weight, which helps manage CKD and its associated conditions, like diabetes and hypertension.
Being active also has mental and emotional benefits for people with CKD. It can enhance overall well-being, improve quality of life, and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.
If you’re planning to have a kidney transplant, prioritizing your overall health now can significantly improve your chances of a smoother surgery and a faster, more successful recovery. The stronger and more resilient your body is going into the procedure, the better equipped you’ll be to heal and regain your strength afterward.
How Much Exercise Is Enough?
Start with a simple goal: 30 minutes of physical activity three times a week. If you’re new to exercise, ease in slowly and give your body time to adjust. Simple changes like taking short walks, using stairs instead of elevators, or engaging in light household chores can make a significant difference.
Even just reducing your sitting time helps. Set a timer to remind yourself to stand every hour. March in place, stretch, or do a few squats. Moving more frequently—even in short bursts—can help your energy and mood.
For added benefits, start progressing to more vigorous activities like swimming or biking as you gain stamina. The goal is to get to 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity physical activity, which is the recommended level of exercise for people with CKD. Moderate intensity means you’re putting in enough effort to elevate your heart rate, breathe more heavily, and start sweating.
In addition to aerobic exercises, incorporating strength training can be advantageous. Using light weights or resistance bands can help build muscle strength, improve balance, and reduce the risk of falls. Flexibility exercises like stretching and yoga can also enhance mobility and reduce stiffness.
Safety Considerations
Before starting any exercise program, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider, especially for those with advanced CKD or other health concerns.
Talk to your doctor about which types of exercise are right for your specific condition, and be on the lookout for any unusual symptoms, such as extreme fatigue, dizziness, or shortness of breath during exercise.
It’s also important to stay hydrated, which can be tricky for people with kidney disease. Because the kidneys help regulate fluids and electrolytes, even light dehydration can cause problems. Signs of dehydration include dark urine, dizziness, or dry mouth. If you notice any of these symptoms, increase your fluid intake and contact your healthcare provider if symptoms persist.
Special Considerations on Dialysis
Exercise can still be safe and effective for people on dialysis. In fact, patients who stay active often report better sleep, more energy, and improved strength. Some dialysis centers even offer pedal bikes for use during treatment.
That said, dialysis can take a toll on the body. For some people, it’s best to avoid intense activity around treatment days. If you’re on dialysis, work with your care team to create a plan that fits your needs.
For more information, see Adopting physical activity to help combat end-stage renal disease.